Study the meanings artworks within postmodernism Free Essays

I will in this essay write about a few postmodern graphicss, and how they represents postmodern art, and expression at what societal issues pushed postmodernism in the way it did, and besides compare postmodernism with modernism and expression at it ‘s antonyms and how they differ from each other. I would wish to get down by depicting an installing by an conceptual creative person Daniel Buren ( b.1939. We will write a custom essay sample on Study the meanings artworks within postmodernism or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) , entitled â€Å" On two degrees with two colourss † ( 1976 ) , which featured a vertically striped set at the floor degrees of two bordering gallery suites, one at a measure up from the other. Empty suites, nil else. A This installing is a good illustration of where modernism itself has arrived at through a relentless history of invention. ( presenting postmod. p.5 ) Another graphics for which Martin Creed won the Turner Prize in 2001 was an empty room, in which the electric visible radiations go on and off. This graphicss are pure conceptual art, where 1 might oppugn where is the art, what is the art? I guess graphicss like this or even Duchamps celebrated readymades of a urinal or his bike wheel mounted to a stool, tests our rational responces and tolerance of the plants that the art gallery can convey attending to the populace. I would state it does raise the inquiry what is art, yet it is non every bit gratifying as Rodin ‘s â€Å" Kiss † or the far more intricate abstract constructions of a sculpturer like Anthony Caro. ( postmodernism, a really shhort debut, page 2. ) Other graphicss within postmodernism might be that of Puritanism, naming into the inquiry and doing the audience experience guilty or disturbed, are attitudes which are typical of much postmodernist art, and they frequently have a political dimension. A What so is postmodern? What infinite does Cezanne dispute? The impressionists. What object do Picasso and Braque challenge? Cezanne ‘s. What presupposition does Duchamp interrupt with in 1912? The thought that 1 has to do a picture – even a cubist picture. And Buren examines another presupposition that he believes emerged integral from Duchamp ‘s work: the topographic point of the plants presentation. The postmodern explained to kids p 21 ) JeanA Francois Lyotard has used the term postmodernims to mention to three separate inclinations. A ) A tendency within architecture off from Modern Movement ‘s undertaking of a last rebuilding of the whole infinite occupied by humanity, B ) a decay of assurance in the thought of advancement and modernisation and C ) a recongnition that it is no longer allow to use the methaphor of the avant garde as if modern creative persons were soldiers contending on the boundary lines of cognition and the cisible prefiguring in their art some kind of corporate planetary hereafter. Art in modern civilization an anthology of critical texts, p 333. By the mid 1960s, critics like Susan Sontag and Ihab Hassan had begun to indicate out some of features of what we call postmodernism. They argued that the work of postmodernists was â€Å" intentionally less incorporate, less evidently ‘masterful ‘ , more playful or lawless, more concerned with the procedures of our understanding than with the pleasances of artistic coating and integrity, less inclined to keep a narrative together, than much of the art that had preceded it. † ( postmodernism, a really short debut, page 5. A Anyone can see that Renaissance portrayal and classical statuary are doneA with great accomplishment, A thereA is no inquiry of that. Some of the landscapes are breathtaking. The Gallic impressionists seem possibly non to be so careful about their drawing, but their tap of bright colour makes an expressed picture, astonishingA drama with coloring material and visible radiation. ClaudeA Monet’sA Haystack at Sunset Near Giverny, 1891, is a perfect illustration of how Monet moves off from realistA painting andA now depicts the lanscape in coloring material and bathed inA visible radiation. At this clip there were hope, dreams and glorification in the universe. A Extremist motions and tendencies regarded as influential and potentially as precursors to postmodernism emerged around World War I and peculiarly in its wake. With the debut of the usage of industrial artefacts in art and techniques such as montage, daring motions such as Cubism, Dada and Surrealism questioned the nature and value of art. A In february 1916 a little group of creative persons seeking safety from the war in Zurich opened the Cabaret Voltaire. This was the topographic point designed to give immature creative persons the chance to expose their work to the populace in a nightclub state of affairs. It became the first place of the anti-activities subsequently called dada.A It was Nihilistic, that is, it heldA that all traditional values and beliefs were baseless, and life was without sense and intent. Louis Aragon ‘s verse form â€Å" Suicide † is nil but the alphabeth in it ‘s normal order. Other Dadaists created â€Å" verse forms † by cutting words from the newspaper, seting them into a chapeau, and pasting words to paper as they were drawn at random from the chapeau. The poesy was of course absurd. I understand these motions as a contemplation on society, and the bunk which happened during the war. Later in deconstruction we can see even further that the philosophers deconstruct and draw apart ground and the words intending to each other. A A Even the abstract expressionists like Willem De Kooning painting â€Å" Woman and bike, 1952-53 † along with Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, Arshile GorkyA andA Mark RothkoA show a new manner of showing themselves through coloring materials andA abstract expression.A In a celebrated missive to the New York Times ( June 1943 ) , Gottlieb and Rothko, with the aid of Newman, wrote: â€Å" To us, art is an escapade into an unknown universe of the imaginativeness which is fancy-free and violently opposed to common sense. There is no such thing as a good picture about nil. We assert that the topic is critical. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/abex/hd_abex.htm A There are many resistances between modernism and postmodernism, and I would wish to advert a few of the binary antonyms that I can happen. ModernismA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Postmodernism FormA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Antiform PurposeA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Play DesignA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chance HierarchyA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Anarchy Art object/Finished worksA A A A Process/Performance/Happening SignifiedA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Signifier A Modernism was characterized by a dramatic alteration of idea. The society improved itself by affecting scientific discipline and engineering into it. Modernism was based on utilizing rational, logical agencies to derive cognition while postmodernism denied the application of logical thought. As postmodernism was a reaction to modernism the thought during the postmodern epoch was based on unscientific, irrational idea procedure. While a hierarchal, organized and determinate nature of cognition characterized modernism. But postmodernism was based on an lawless, non-totalized and undetermined province of cognition. Modernist attack was nonsubjective, theoretical and analytical while the postmodernism attack was based on subjectiveness. It lacked the analytical nature and ideas were rhetorical and wholly based on belief. The cardinal difference between modernism and postmodernism is that modernist thought is about the hunt of an abstract truth of life while postmodernist minds believe th at there is no cosmopolitan truth, abstract or otherwise. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/214493.html A Do we still view art as a manner of societal alteration like the modernist vanguard did, which at the clip even helped to determine many of the political motions of the 20th century? Well, have look at the manner futurism promoted Italian fascism with its aesthetic of the machine. The art reflected the societal alterations, and influenced by its germinating scientific discipline and engineering. By the nineteen-seventies, the political ideals that fuelled modernism had given manner to profound disenchantment with wars such as Vietnam, ultra-utilitarian architecture, and academic minimal art. Artists began to utilize artistic manners independently of their original political docket. The rise of the great post-war innovatory creative persons were Stockhausen, Boelez, Robbe-Grillet, Becket, Coover, Rauschenberg and Beuys. Alongside were a figure of Gallic intellectuals, notably the Marxist societal theoretician Louis Altusser, the cultural critic Roland Bartes, the philosopher Jaque Derrida, and the historian Michel Foucault. Their advanced philosophical idea traveling off from the strongly ethical and individualist existential philosophy that was typical of the instantly post-war period towards far more doubting and anti-humanist attitudes. These new beliefs were expressed to be known as deconstructive and poststructuralist theory. A There are a figure ofA factors that contributed to the postmodern epoch. How would the universe reaction to the pandemonium after the Holocaust, post-colonial rigidness, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War, it caused people to go increasingly more disillusioned about the built-in significance and value of life and art.A New manners of art have failed to pull them in the manner that Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism or Surrealism did. A The manner people live in the universe changed as the of new image-based engineerings of telecasting, picture, screenprinting, computing machines, the cyberspace emerged. This new found engineering generated a immense moving ridge of movie and photographic imagination – of topographic points, events and international famous persons – and now draughtsman ship was less sought, in the procedure. By pull stringsing this new engineering, artists including painters, graphic artists, sculpturers and others involved in newer signifiers like installing, does n’t follow the traditional procedures involved in â€Å" doing art, † but still make something new. An illustration is Ana Fabriusius Christiansen who is a ceramic creative person working with clay and comparatively new media such as picture taking and picture. The crude stuff juxtaposed with a hi-tech medium gives it an interesting consequence, while at the same clip movie ‘s documenting map is an of imp ort portion of vizualizing a complex subject. The universe is traveling in rapid velocity with it ‘s growing of consumerism and instant satisfaction over the last few decennaries of the twentieth century, this impression has besides had a immense impact on the ocular humanistic disciplines. Modern consumers want amusement. In response, many creative persons, conservators and other professionals have taken the chance to turn art into a â€Å" merchandise. † For illustration, installing and picture have allowed consumers to see art in a much more pro-active manner. The populace has a desire to be shocked and be stimulated, and this desire is certainly met by new artistic subject-matter, like dead tiger sharks, immense ice-sculptures, crowds of bare organic structures, presentations of deceasing flies, islands wrapped in pink polypropene cloth, and so on, there is nil predictable about being a human anymore. Popculture and art is wondrous depicts the growing of consumerism as can be seen in Richard Hamiltons â€Å" Just what is it that makes todays places so different, so appealing. † ( 1956 ) In a manner this montage is rather an accepting yet roasting position of the consumerist civilization we live in. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usc.edu/programs/cst/deadfiles/lacasis/ansc100/library/images/771.html A The postmodernist impression of human individuality as basically constructed like a fiction is besides to be found in the ocular humanistic disciplines, as is to be seen in Cindy Sherman ‘s series of exposure, â€Å" Untitled Film Stills † ( 1977-1980 ) and its replacements. In each of these Sherman impersonates movie actresses, masking herself more or less in different vesture and in different implied state of affairss, which are typical or stereotyped film.A In so doingA of course arises the inquiry of who is theA ‘realA Cindy Sherman? A Which exposure could perchance convert us that we are seing this? An unfastened, sincere, emotional or even naked one? A The French sociologist Jean Baudrillard means that the boundary line between art and world has absolutely vanished as both have collapsed into a cosmopolitan simulacrum, and he makes a decision that the representational image-sign goes through four historic stages. First, the image is the contemplation of a basic world. Second the image masks and perverts the basic world. Third the image marks the absence of a basic world. And forth the image bears no relation to any world whatever- it is its ain pure simulacrum. In Linguistics Saussure proposed that within the linguistic communication system, the form, the word or acoustic image, is that which carries significance, and the signified, the construct, is that which it refers to. Meaning is the procedure which binds together signifier and signified to bring forth a mark. A mark must be understood as a relation which has no significance outside the system of meaning. The job is – does the signifies refer to the image or concept â€Å" ox † or to the ox itself as a thing. The association of sound and what it represents is the result of corporate acquisition, and this is meaning. Meaning is hence the merchandise of a system of representation, which is itself meaningless. For the deconstructor, the relationship of linguistic communication to world is non given, since all linguistic communication systems are inherently undependable cultural concepts. Magritte made a painting inquiry the mark, painting a pipe and composing underneath â€Å" this is non a pipe. â€Å" A In 1967, Barthes caused a esthesis by proclaiming â€Å" the decease of the writer. † He meant that readers create their ain significances, irrespective of the writers purposes ; the texts they use do so are therefore evershifting, unstable and unfastened to inquiry. Does this impact how we create art or literature, and what we are seeking for in picture? Cezanne was seeking for truth, and wrote in a missive â€Å" I owe you the truth in picture, † which was the starting point for Derrida ‘s recent text. What is this truth, how can you convey truth in painting? Throughout the full history of believing about art and object at that place has been the hunt to set up the indispensable precedence of Son over mythos, ground over representation, construct over methaphor, the intelligble over reasonable and finally truth over picture. What is truth, and can it be depicted? Platos thought of truth is that of an unveiling inward disclosure from the psyche. Truth which is already written in the psyche and which is a recollection of what you already know. Many creative person has troughout history searched for truth in picture, yet Picasso stated art is â€Å" non truth. † He said if he pursued a truth on his canvas, he could paint a 100 canvases with the same truth, which one so is truth? And what is truth – the thing that acts as my theoretical account, or what I am painting? Derrida claimed and showing that written words do non stand for spoken words which do non stand for ideas which do non stand for truth or God, which are non referents of the metaphysical universe. These new doctrines brakes down everything we have of all time known and searched for in fact, it peals off anything that can be held fast, yet it besides opens up the possibility that truth is merely what you believe to be true, and it is of all time altering. Meaning is even different from individual to individual. So can anything we of all time communicate truly be understood? If you think about it, you do n’t see with your eyes, but instead with your head. You will make significance and emotional responses to art from your ain personal memories. And for one individual a cow might be related to fear, for another place. Phillip Guston states that painting is non on a surface, yet it is imagined. He expresses himself and says that painting is non made with colorss and pigment at all. And that he does n’t cognize what a picture is ; who knows what sets off even the desire to paint? It might be things, ideas, a memory, esthesiss, which has nil to make with painting itself. They come from anything and everyplace, a trifle some item observed, wondered about and, of course from the old picture. Guston declares that the picture is non on a surface, but on a plane which is imagined. It moves in a head. It is non there physically at all. It is an semblance, a piece of thaumaturgy, so what you see is non what you see. There is Leonardo Da Vinci celebrated statement that picture is a thing of the head. The thought of the pleasances of the oculus is non simply limited, it is n’t even possible. Everything means something. Anything in life or in art, any grade you make has significance and the lone inquiry is, what sort of significance? † Furthermore Feyerabend makes the statement that â€Å" The lone absolute truth is that there are no absolute truths. A The current Postmodern belief is that a right description of Reality is impossible. This utmost incredulity, of which Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn are peculiarly celebrated, assumes that ; a ) A A A All truth is limited, approximate, and is invariably germinating ( Nietzsche, Kuhn, Popper ) . B ) No theory can of all time be proved true – we can merely demo that a theory is false ( Popper ) . degree Celsiuss ) No theory can of all time explicate all things systematically ( Godel ‘s rawness theorem ) . vitamin D ) There is ever a separation between our head A ; thoughts of things and the thing in itself ( Kant ) . vitamin E ) Physical world is non deterministic ( Copenhagen reading of quantum natural philosophies, Bohr ) . degree Fahrenheit ) Science constructs are mental concepts ( logical positivism, Mach, Carnap ) . g ) Metaphysics is empty of content. H ) Thus absolute and certain truth that explains all things is inaccessible. A Not merely make these new doctrines bring about new ways of thought, scientific discipline besides shape the manner we think. Is science the new art? Technology is responsible for altering how we think about the existence. An illustration is Galileo when he created the telescope, with the new thought of an infinite existence. In the De Revolutionibus, ( 1543 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/copernicus.html Copernicus established the order of planets and proposed a heliostatic existence which were groundbreaking. Newton ‘s clockwork existence explains the existence to be predictable and made with order. Science is today turn outing what the mystics wrote approximately at the beginning of clip. Chaos and complexness theory show us that patterns be given to repeat and prevail ( like fractals ) at all degrees of observation: â€Å" As Above ; So Below. â€Å" A A There are many creative persons who are influenced by scientific discipline like Jaq Chartier who mirrors dna-mapping, Mark Francis and Ross Bleckner who create pictures associating to the microscopic image of cells and Daniel Lee who makes exposure of figures being half human and half animate being, raising inquiries of what it is to be a human. A As political relations, doctrine, scientific discipline and new engineering has all been portion of determining the universe and the art of the postmodern epoch, what will the hereafter bring? One thing is certain even if there is no ultimate truth, and we are of all time altering and germinating art invariably revises the inquiries of who are we? What are we here for? And where are we traveling? How to cite Study the meanings artworks within postmodernism, Essay examples

Quantitative Extreme Programming Projects â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Quantitative Extreme Programming Projects? Answer: Introducation Adaptive or Agile System Development Methodology is an approach to managing a software project that embraces unpredictable changes to a project. Adaptive methodologies are highly flexible, iterative and interactive techniques of establishing project requirements in Information Technology (IT) and engineering. Agile project management entails application of agile methodologies in managing projects. These methodologies include Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), DSDM and Feature Driven Development (FDD). These techniques promote project management process; that encourages the participation of all stakeholders, effective control, feedbacks and objective metrics (Moran, 2015). APM employs ideas from Agile software development in project management. The core characteristics of Agile techniques is that they all support iterative and incremental development. The project requirements and proposed solutions evolve systematically through cooperation between self-organizing, cross-functional teams . Agile Project Management endorses adaptive planning, time-boxed iterative approach, and evolutionary development while promoting quick and flexible responses to change. The technique is based on the promotion of foreseen interactions between the stakeholders throughout the project life cycle (Beck et Al, 2013). The processes involved in the Agile project management are in line with the twelve principles of Agile Manifesto as put forward by Beck et al. (2013). The manifesto prioritizes customer satisfaction, flexibility in the development process, iterative development, cooperation between stakeholders, and effective communication among others. There are three key plays in an Agile Project Management; the owner, project manager and the project team (Moran, 2015). Agile project management responsibilities are divided among the three stakeholders. The owner is tasked with the responsibility of handling the business aspects of the project - such as monitoring to ensure that the desired product is being built in the correct way, as well as making decisions about the given product. The manager, on the other hand, organizers the project team to optimize their productivity, organizes meetings, handles issues that may hinder the working of the team and does other managerial tasks for the project (Moran, 2015). Finally, the team has the responsibility of developing the most optimal methods of achieving the project goals. Agile methodologies are characterized by their adaptive nature. This approach facilitates optimization of the design of the intended solution by encouraging changes throughout the project (Moran, 2015). Adaptive methodologies are therefore more preferred for projects with high levels of uncertainty. The dynamic nature of Adaptive methodologies facilitates continuous learning while encouraging adaptation of the emergent state of the project. Extreme Programming (XP) Extreme Programming is one of the agile software development methodologies. XP focus on improving software quality and accommodation of new requirements from the customer. In building products, XP takes an incremental approach, with a continuous cycle of testing and revising (Kniberg, 2015). The main goals of the methodology are to produce high quality software and improve the quality of life of developers. Extreme Programming is best suited for projects where requirements are likely to change over the period of the projects life (Rumpe Schrder, 2014). The methodology encourages responsiveness towards the changing customer requirements. A vital feature required for the FFSL case since some requirements are bound to change to accommodate the views of the sales persons. XP emphasizes on teamwork and singleness of purpose among the developers, customers and managers; everyone becomes part of the team, and focuses on contributing positively towards the delivery of quality software. Extreme programming improves the development process of software projects by; encouraging developers to be accommodative to changing requirements, encourages feedback, simplicity and improved communication (Kniberg, 2015). Advantages of Extreme Programming Enables time and cost saving by eliminating unproductive activities, thus helping software developers focus on the coding aspect of the project (Rumpe Schrder, 2014). Reduces project risk and failure while ensuring that the customer gets what he needs. XP process is visible and accountable with developers delivering what they commit to deliver. The methodologys principles of simplicity and constant feedback helps in developing simple maintainable code and the feedbacks from sprints ensures developers keep on the right track (Kniberg, 2015). With XP developers satisfaction is high as the process is value-driven. The greatest advantage with XP is the Teamwork spirit, as all stakeholders work as a team focusing on delivering quality. Disadvantages of Extreme Programming The approach has the disadvantage of putting more focus on coding rather than design, which is equally important for software (Kniberg, 2015). Documentation process in XP is not adequate, thus software bugs are not well documented making it possible for such bugs to appear in future. Coding is done in pairs, leading to code duplication and redundancy (Kniberg, 2015). Quality control planning is not adequately implemented in XP methodology Feature-driven development(FDD) FDD is an incremental and iterative approach to the development of software. FDD combines several software development best practices to form a unified whole. The model is driven and centered on a clients most value features of a system (Firdaus, Ghani, Jeong, 2014). The main objective of this model is to deliver quality within the specified timeline. Feature-Driven Development is therefore a pragmatic, architecture-centric and client-centric approach (Firdaus, Ghani, Jeong, 2014). The key processes that define an FDD project include; Developing an overall model: project teams concentrates on building an object model for the problem domain in a collaborative, iterative and cross functional way. Building a features list: Key features of the system are identified in form of user story and then most valuable ones highlighted to guide the project. Planning by feature: this phase entails developing a working plan, which specifies the order of implementing the desired features of the system. The main aspects taken into consideration during the planning includes; resource allocation, complexity and risks (Firdaus, Ghani, Jeong, 2014). Designing by feature: Here, the main features and domain classes to be developed next are identified by the chief programmer. Building by feature: the fifth and final phase of the methodology entails implementing the classes and features identified at the design phase. Advantages of Feature Driven Development With FDD a business focuses on creating a product, enabling businesses to focus on developing quality products (Firdaus, Ghani, Jeong, 2014). Disadvantage of Feature Driven Development A major disadvantage with this approach is that it does not investigate the market for the product being developed, thus it may results in a product that does not have any market demand (Firdaus, Ghani, Jeong, 2014). Scrum is another agile software development methodology, designed for small projects. The general flow of a Scrum project is as follows; A client generates a list of prioritized requirements, referred to as a Product Backlog (Asghar, Bhatti, Tabassum, Sultan Abbas, 2016) The project team meets to plan for the sprints, where the team takes a few items from the product backlog sprint backlog - and plans how to implement the items. The team takes a period of between two to four weeks to implement the sprint backlog, although they hold daily progress assessment meetings called daily Scrum (Asghar, 2016). The team leader Scrum Master plays the role of keeping the team focused on the set goals Work done in a sprint is sent to the customer at the end of a sprint The team holds a review and retrospect of the sprint A new sprint begins and the cycle goes on till the entire customers wish list is accomplished. The key players in a Scrum are the Team, Scrum Master and the Product Owner. The approach makes the project development clear and visible as it requires periodic updates of the project progress to be shared among the stakeholders (Asghar, 2016). Facilitates quick development of fast moving products, as coding, testing and error rectifications take place in a speedy way It is highly iterative, requiring continuous user feedbacks which help to refine the product under development (Asghar, 2016). The inherently short sprint periods makes it possible for developers to cope with changes in the project. Disadvantages of Agile SCRUM The approach can easily lead to scope creeps unless there is a defined project end date May face challenges of time and cost estimation, where the tasks are not clearly defined. Requires highly experienced and cohesive team members; meaning new team members may find it difficult to meet the requirements of the approach (Asghar, 2016). Recommendations From the analysis of the case study, it is clear that the requirements of the case study may change as the management and the sales persons come into agreement regarding some aspects of the system. The case is therefore a perfect candidate for an Adaptive/Agile software development approach. Although all the three methodologies discussed can be used for this case, Scrum Methodology would be the most appropriate for the scenario. With Scrum, the list of the most important features of the system would be implemented piece by piece, enabling refinement and improvements to be made to the system. References Asghar, A. R., Bhatti, S. N., Tabassum, A., Sultan, Z., Abbas, R. (2016). Role of Requirements Elicitation Prioritization to Optimize Quality in Scrum Agile Development.work,7(12). Beck, K., et. Al. (2013). Manifesto for agile software development. Agilemanifesto. org. Firdaus, A., Ghani, I., Jeong, S. R. (2014). Secure feature driven development (SFDD) model for secure software development.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,129, 546- 553 Kniberg, H. (2015).Scrum and XP from the Trenches. Lulu. com.. Moran, A. (2015). Agile project management. InManaging Agile(pp. 71-101). Springer International Publishing. Rumpe, B., Schrder, A. (2014). Quantitative survey on extreme programming projects.arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.6599.

The Collector free essay sample

The Development of events outside a persons control is regarded as the most basic definition of fate; the belief that a stronger power or supernatural being has the ability to change the course of one’s life and override a persons fundamental tool of refined thought and decision making. The story of Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy is one clouded in the mist of fate and destiny versus human thought and emotion. The tragic becoming of Tess Durbeyfield can hardly be classified as the work of the devil or simply put down to the fickle fates when the protagonists own decisions as well as that of those surrounding her, alter the outcome of each day and situation throughout the novel. Furthermore the morals of society throughout the Nineteenth century blamed a woman for any form of sexual assault at the hands of a man; Tess struggles and at times, thrives throughout her life as a strong and passionate woman, however mistakes are made by each and every character within this story including the striking protagonist. We will write a custom essay sample on The Collector or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept that all actions have consequences is a value instilled in one’s mind at a young age; that with each decision a greater effect will shortly follow, a rule disregarded by Tess throughout the novel. Being a passionate and proud heroine Tess opted for he most honest, and virtuous path, in order to uphold these characteristics. It is these decisions that set in motion the journey to Tess’ fateful death. It can not be disputed that one of the most proud and simultaneously ignorant moments was of informing her husband, Angel Clare, of her impure past. ‘it is as serious as yours It can hardly be more serious,’†¦ she entered on her story of her acquaintance with Alec D’Urberville and it’s results† (pp. 292-293, Tess of the D’Urbervilles) Such a decision caused Tess an enormous amount of grief, heartbreak and confusion instantly, first and foremost from the man whom she loved and believed that loved her also, however the social and religious conventions of the time outweighed any love Angel may have felt for Tess. â€Å"‘Tess, forgiveness does not apply to the case. You were one person; now you are another. ’† (p. 298, Tess of the D’Urbervilles). Angel can no longer see anything except Tess’ past tragedy, and despite the fact he does not blame her, her simply is not able to love the same person. As a young women, Tess appears ignorant of men and sex and the complex world that young girls today are taught it is; she relies solely on the only older female figure in her life, her mother, and whilst her mother gives her the advice to remain silent on the subject f her rape, Tess goes against these wishes. On no account do no say a word of your Bygone trouble to him†¦Many a woman†¦ have had trouble in their time; and why should you trumpet yours when others don’t trumpet theirs? knowing it to be your childish nature to tell all that is in your heart. † (p. 256, Tess of the D’Urbervilles) Despite the way in which society is at the time of Tess’ rape, and the advice given from her own mother Tess makes a decision which is far bigger than any other throughout the novel. Being raped changed Tess’ life, yet the decision to tell the one person who, in this form of society, could never know was what set in motion the tragedy and horror that followed her. Each character within the novel is interconnected, the choices, thoughts and decision produced by each one allows the story to take a different path and change that of the protagonist; within the story there are many smaller narratives taking place and each one changes the main point of interest. Parson Tringham- a relatively minor character- plays one of the most major roles to set the journey in motion; addressing Tess’ father as Sir John and advising of the possibility of rich relations. Without this idea Tess’ life may have been a far simpler one yet the decision was made, and the story was changed. Each and every individual decision changed the course of the story; the decision of Angel’s to leave Tess and travel to Brazil when he heard her dreadful story is another that was of vital importance to Tess’ life. I am going to Brazil alone, Izz,’ said he. I have separated from my wife for personal, not voyaging, reasons. ’†¦ despite her love, the facts had not changed†¦ he took the train that night for London. † (pp. 343-344, Tess of the D’Urbervilles). Without the help of her husband, Tess struggles through tough winter labour, meets once again her assaulter and faces the death of her own father. Of course these events were never unavoidable, however in leaving Tess, Angel left her vulnerable to the likes of Alec D’Urberville and the poverty that so horridly affected her family. Events do not purely and basically occur, nothing happens because nature intended it to; each choice, action, thought and opinion changes the course of a life and the world. Angel’s choice to leave Tess ultimately meant she was faced with another difficult decision to become Alec’s ‘creature’ of sorts, and save her family from starvation and severe poverty. â€Å"‘Tess! can you forgive me for going away? ’ ‘It is too late†¦ You did not come! He kept saying you would never come†¦ I hate him now†¦ these clothes are what he’s put on me. ’† (p. 66, Tess of the D’Urbervilles). Through the decisions of each character, Tess ultimately is positioned in a terrible state of affairs that has been affected and changed by the characters of the story. â€Å"‘Ah- it is my fault! ’ Said Clare. But he could not go on. Speech was as inexpressive as silence. † (p. 467, Tess of the D’Urber villes) Upon finding Tess in such a position when he returns to regain her love, Angel blames himself for the predicament despite Alec’s clear despicable actions. And this blame is just yet cannot be carried purely on the men. Saint Thomas Aquinas states â€Å"far be it from the hearts of the faithful to think that fate is anything real† (P. 1, God and the Order of Creation); Aquinas instead believes that the power of the human mind is what creates a situation or a belief across the world (God and the Order of Creation). This statement reflects the narrative of Tess of the D’Urbervilles and the way in which characters change the course of the story by their choices. However the morals and values of society at the time affected the thinking of everyone, a matter reflected particularly in the dominant male characters of the story. The Victorian era had many ideals and values foreign to the modern world, particularly in the case of equality and the role of women. At the time Hardy was writing Tess of the D’Urbervilles there was much change brought about concerning women’s rights and ideals, â€Å"hysterical forces unleashed by the suffragette movement represented a challenge to the Victorian status quo. The role and status of women were being redefined, and writers such as Hardy†¦ were intimately involved in that redefinition. † (p. 8, Tess of the D’Urbervilles Second Edition) The belief that purity was of the utmost important was upheld by majority of the higher class in England at this time, having a clear impact on the difficulty for Tess to deal with what is already a demoralizing, horrid deflowering. Angel in particular has issues dealing with the news as he has been brought up taught that nothing can compare to a pure and virtuous women, which the women he loves is not; â€Å"the traditional Victorian ideal/norms of femininity emphasized the belief that the most important principle for a women was that of purity. (p. 18, Tess of the D’Urbervilles Second Edition) As this belief was instilled into society, Tess’ own lower class society would not accept her situation, the church refusing her son a true Christian burial. â€Å"‘Then you will give him a Christian burial? ’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœI must not- for certain reasons’†¦ â€Å"I’ll never come to your church no more! ’† (p. 125, Tess of the Dâ₠¬â„¢Urbervilles) The values of society had a major impact on the way in which Tess’ life preceded her, and influenced so much how she was treated and expected to act. Fate is a belief system similar to that of religion, a concept and a notion- nothing more. The way in which people act and think is what truly affects the lives of people around the world, and this is reflected in the fictional world of Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Characters make choices as the writer decides to shape a story and a journey, to create a world that portrays reality so succinctly; the characters within this narrative form their own lives and make their own decisions leaving nothing, even the most tragic becoming, up to fate.

African American Quilts essays

African American Quilts essays During my visit to the University Museum of Texas Southern, I encountered on many interesting quilts containing lots of history of our culture. It surprised me that the quality of the quilts was so good, it showed how durable the quilts have been after so many years. It was amazing in how the quilts were precisely designed with different color schemes and different color variations. In addition with the quilts having much variation, the quilts also had much variety and history. During the visit, the woman who guided us through the museum enlightened our heads with much interesting knowledge about the history of the quilts. She told us that back then, women (African American) made quilts for everyday use out of scraps, discarded clothing, and feed stacks. It was said that the African American woman made the quilts as a story of their life patterns or as a link to the African American roots. Quilt historians say that black women made their quilts in the same styles that were popular with the general population during any given period. It was also said that the economic status determined what kind of quilts the women made. If you were poor women, you had to deal with scraps and discarded clothing. It is now found that, overall, the African American quilters quilts range from African influence, to those based on traditional styles. I came upon a lot of beautiful, well-made quilts. I had a couple of favorites, but my overall favorite piece of art was the John Biggers mural, which was astonishing. It was said that John Biggers (the founder of the TSU school of art) spent well over a year on that piece. Some of my favorite quilts were, Lets take a Nap by Phillis Harris and Britches by Lettie North. Britches was a quilt that consisted of old scraps of pants, which some patches contained the original stone washed jeans. Lets take a Nap, my favorite, was a quilt with an African American bo...

Popular Cliches Explained for ESL Students

Popular Cliches Explained for ESL Students A cliche is a common phrase that has been overused. In general, cliches are to be avoided. In reality, they are not avoided - thats why they are cliches! Understanding popular cliches is especially important for English learners because they provide a deeper understanding of set phrases - or chunks of language. You might hear movie stars or politicians using cliches. Theyre phrases everybody understands.   10 Popular Cliches The writing on the wall   Something that is about to happen, something that is obviousCant you see the writing on the wall! You need to get out of that business.To pull an all-nighter   To study or work all nightWe had to pull an all-nighter to get the work finished on time.Pearls of wisdom   Wise words or adviceIm not really interested in his pearls of wisdom. He lived in a different period.Too much of a good thing   Generally used when saying thats impossible to be too happy, or luckyEnjoy it! You cant have too much of a good thing.Fit as a fiddle   To be ready and ableIm fit as a fiddle. Lets do this thing!Curiosity killed the cat   Dont be too inquisitive, it can be dangerous!Remember curiosity killed the cat. You should just forget about it.Dont do as I do, do as I say.   Used when someone points out that you are being hypocritical (doing one thing while insisting that others do that thing differently)Stop talking back! Dont do as I do, do as I say!Let sleeping dog s lie   Dont look into (investigate) something that was troublesome in the past, but in which people are not currently interestedId let sleeping dogs lie and not re-open the investigation into the crime. A cat has nine lives   Someone might be having problems now, but there are many chances to do well or succeedHis career reminds that a cat has nine lives!Moment of truth   The moment in which something important will be shown or decidedIts the moment of truth. Either well get the contract or we wont. Where Can I Find Cliches? These chunks of language known as cliches are found everywhere: in letters, in films, in articles, in conversation. However, cliches are most often used in conversation.   Should I Use Cliches? A good rule of thumb for English learners is to understand a variety of popular cliches, but not necessarily use them actively. Many times the use of a cliche signals fluency, but often cliches are considered inappropriate or unoriginal. On the other hand, if a native speaker  uses a cliche you will understand!  Ã‚   The Difference Between an Idiom and a Cliche An idiom is a phrase that means something else than the literal words. Idioms always have figurative, not literal meanings. Literal Meaning exactly what the words sayFigurative Having a different meaning than what the words say Two Idioms To get under someones skin To bother someoneShes getting under my skin these days!No spring chicken Not youngToms no spring chicken. Hes almost 70! Two Cliches A cliche is a phase which is considered overused (used too often) which can be literal or figurative in meaning. Here are some examples: The good old days / literal In the past when things were betterI remember my years at college. Yes, those were the good old days.Tip of the iceberg / figurative Only the beginning, or just a small percentageThe problems we are seeing are just the tip of the iceberg.

Motivation and success in learning Research Paper - 1

Motivation and success in learning - Research Paper Example For a teacher to create an environment of learning in the classroom that is more student-centered, it is imperative that the out-of-school practices of students are capitalized upon. An essential and common component of the practices out of school is the use of computers in some form. Not all schools provide students with equal access to computers or the Internet. In addition to that, many schools have taken long to capitalize on the computers’ use in order to engage the identities carried by the students outside the school and to improve the experiences of students’ learning. Some of the ways in which teachers can capitalize on the out of school activities of the students is to encourage them to prepare lessons from e-books that they can study on Kindle and Tablet. Students should be encouraged to use interactive media like Skype while doing the classroom tasks as a group when they have to be in different locations. Involving the use of computers in the educational set up is imperative in the present age because it makes the students feel empowered. Students tend to think that they are studying in an advanced system and hence do not underestimate the tendency of their educational institution to empower them to the extent where they can compete with others both academically and professionally on the global scale. Implications of the use of computers as a strategy to improve students’ motivation are increased need to monitor and supervise the students so that it can be ensured that students are making right use of the technological resources rather than using them for leisure or personal activities. Although the strategy of using computers to inculcate intrinsic motivation in the students is quite effective, yet it is important to consider the novelty of such activities of learning while planning for and

Organisational Behaviour case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisational Behaviour case study - Essay Example Chain of command includes authority and unity of command. Span of control in the number of subordinates a manager can efficiently and effectively directs. Centralization is the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization. Consistent with the recent management efforts to make organization more flexible and responsive, there has been a marked trend towards decentralizing decision making. In a decentralized organization, action can be taken more quickly to solve problems, more people provide input into decisions, and employees are less likely to feel alienated from those who make the decisions that affect their work lives. Finally formalization refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized. If a job is highly formalized, then the job incumbent has a minimum amount of discretion. . When formalization is low job behaviors are relatively non-programmed and employees have to freedom to exercise discretion in their work. In the County general hospital, reorganization of the structure of the administration teams within each department has to take place. To date, administrative staff within each department had reported solely to an administrative manager. ... Its major disadvantage is the difficulty to coordinating the task of diverse functional specialists so that their activities are completed on time and within budget. Service departmentalization on the other hand exactly the opposite benefits and advantages. It facilitates coordination among specialties to achieve on time completion and meet the budget targets. Furthermore, it provides clear responsibility for all activities related to a service, but with duplication of activities and costs. The matrix structure attempts to gain the strengths of each, while avoiding their weaknesses (Anderson, 1994). The strength of the matrix lies in its ability to facilitate coordination when the organization has a multiplicity of complex and interdependent activities. The direct and frequent contacts between the different specialists in the matrix can make for better communication and more flexibility. Information permeates the organization and more quickly reaches the people who need to take accou nt of it. It facilitates the efficient allocation of specialists. When individuals with highly specialized skills are lodged in one functional department or service group, their talents are monopolized and under used. The matrix achieves the advantages of economies of scale by providing the organization with both the best resources and the effective way of ensuring their efficient deployment. The major disadvantage of the matrix lies in the dual command chain. This results in confusion and ambiguity, role conflict and more stress to workers. But over the past decade, senior managers are working with new structural options that can better help their organizations to